It is a common misconception that anise and fennel are two names for the same vegetable. While both plants share a very similar licorice-like flavor, they are in fact two different plants! Usually only the seeds from anise are used for cooking, whereas the whole fennel plant (bulb, stalks, and fronds) can be eaten. Fennel is especially popular in Mediterranean cuisine, where it is used both raw and cooked. (Learn more about anise and fennel on Wikipedia.)